單壁碳納米管的分離方法，科學通報，2014, 59(33), 3240
單壁碳納米管的分離方法
劉丹, 張錦*
beat365官方网站, 納米化學研究中心, 北京 100871
Separation methods of single-walled carbon nanotubes
LIU Dan, ZHANG Jin*
Center for Nanochemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
摘要
單壁碳納米管根據長度、管徑、導電屬性、手性和對稱性的不同分為多種結構類型. 結構不同的單壁碳納米管在光、熱、電、磁等物理性質以及許多化學反應方面表現不同, 因此在應用方面有很大的差異. 為了獲得結構均一的單壁碳納米管, 人們發展了多種分離方法. 這些方法包括梯度密度離心法、共價修飾分離法、非共價修飾分離法、電泳分離法、色譜分離法、場流分離法、萃取分離法、刻蝕分離法、基于電流效應分離法、膠帶法和洗滌法. 根據單壁碳納米管的結構特征, 分離可以分為5個層次, 依次是長度、管徑、導電屬性、手性和對稱性. 導電屬性的分離是目前研究的重點, 半導體性單壁碳納米管同時具有帶隙、超小尺寸和超高載流子遷移率, 在納電子領域有廣闊的應用前景, 有望取代矽基器件引發下一代電子器件革命. 手性管和對映異構體的分離是新的發展點, 近期手性管的分離已經取得很多進展, 對映異構體的分離則處在起步階段. 本文将從這5個層次闡述單壁碳納米管的分離方法及其原理, 同時分析不同分離方法的優缺點.
關鍵詞 ： 單壁碳納米管, 長度, 管徑, 導電屬性, 手性, 對映異構體, 分離方法
Abstract：
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can be classified into a variety of different structural types according to their length, diameter, conductive properties, chirality and symmetry. Different structural types of SWCNTs possess different physical properties, including light, heat, electronic, magnetism and reactivity. To obtain SWCNTs with homogeneous structure, numerous separation methods have been developed, including density-gradient centrifugation, covalent modification, non-covalent modification, electrophoretic separation, chromatography, field-flow fractionation, extraction, etching metallic carbon nanotubes based on the heating effect of current, tape separation and washing. According to the structural features of SWCNTs, the results of separation can be divided into five levels, followed by length, diameter, conductive properties, chirality and symmetry. [NL1] The focus of the present study is on the separation of metallic and semiconducting carbon nanotubes, because semiconducting SWCNTs that have a band gap, small size and ultra-high carrier mobility perform well in nanoelectronics and are expected to eventually replace silicon-based devices. The separation of chiral carbon nanotubes and enantiomers are new research directions; considerable progress has recently been made in separation of chiral carbon nanotubes, whereas the separation of enantiomers is in the initial stage. This article describes the separation methods for SWCNTs from the viewpoint of the five levels. The advantages and disadvantages of different separation methods are analyzed.
Key words： single-walled carbon nanotubes length diameter conductive properties chiral enantiomer separation method
