Research, news, Mar. 19th, 2013
DFT Studies on the Reaction Mechanisms of 1,4-Dilithio-1,3-dienes with Nitriles
Fei Zhao, Ming Zhan, Wen-Xiong Zhang, and Zhenfeng Xi*
Organometallics 2013, DOI: 10.1021/om300869t
Mechanisms on the reactions of 1,4-dilithio-1,3-butadienes and nitriles are explored through both experiments and DFT calculations. The computational results suggest that the selectivity of these reaction systems is strongly affected by the structures of the substrates. As the first step of all reaction pathways, the addition intermediate of one C-Li bond to the nitrile is formed. When tetra-alkyl substituted 1,4-dilithio-1,3-dienes and 2-cyanopyridine are used, the intermediate gives the cyclopentadienyl amine product as the kinetic product because of the coordination of the pyridyl N-atom to the lithium atoms. This addition intermediate also undergoes a second nitrile insertion into the C-Li bond, giving the dilithio ketimine intermediate. When tetra-alkyl substituted 1,4-dilithio-1,3-dienes and aryl nitriles are used, the dilithio ketimine intermediate undergoes a 1,6-cyclization, generating pyridine and triazine products through thermodynamically favored pathways. When cyclic 1,4-dilithio butadiene and tertiary aliphatic nitriles are used, the dilithio ketimine intermediate undergoes two sequential 1,5-cyclization steps with a lower energy barrier, generating tricyclic D1-bipyrrolines.
背景介紹
本研究室雙锂試劑與腈的反應,首次報道是在2002年(陳敬龍、宋秋玲等,JACS2002)。2007年我們報道了丁二烯基雙腈與有機锂的反應(王從洋、王超等,CEJ2007),2008年我們以全文的形式報道了雙锂試劑與腈的三種不同反應類型(郁楠、王從洋等,CEJ2008),2012年我們又以雙锂試劑與腈的反應中間體為出發物實現了氮雜半瞬烯的合成(張韶光、魏俊年等,JACS2012)。“協同效應”以及“基于活性中間體和機理研究的合成化學”是本研究室提出并堅持的科學研究理念。對于反應機理研究,通過實驗分離或者捕捉活性中間體是我們近年來一貫堅持的研究方法。但是,有些反應活性中間體的實驗分離與表征十分困難。例如,在雙锂試劑與腈的反應中,我們發現了三種不同的反應類型。盡管先後多名研究生曆經數年嘗試獲得反應中間體的信息,但是一直沒有得到可信的實驗結果。在這種情況下,我們希望借助理論計算深入理解反應機理。因此,本研究室在2010年指派趙飛同學向餘志祥教授及其課題組研究生以及其他專家學習有關理論計算知識并購置了相關理論計算設備。本文是趙飛同學也是本研究室第一篇比較系統地通過理論計算闡述反應機理的論文。該工作理論計算結果結合實驗結果使我們對雙锂試劑與腈的三種不同反應類型的機理有了深入和全面的了解。