研究室工作進展 Dec. 23rd, 2014

Mechanistic Insights into N–N Bond Cleavage in Catalytic Guanylation Reaction between 1,2-Diarylhydrazines and Carbodiimides

Ling Xu, Yu-Chen Wang, Wangyang Ma, Wen-Xiong Zhang,* and Zhenfeng Xi*

J. Org. Chem. 2014, 79, 12004-12009. 

(Special Issue: Mechanisms in Metal-Based Organic Chemistry)

 

 

Cleavage of the N–N bond in 1,2-diaryl hydrazines was achieved in alkyl lithium-catalyzed guanylation reaction of 1,2-diarylhydrazines with carbodiimides, affording guanidines and azo compounds. This N–N bond cleavage via thermal rearrangement was driven by the intramolecular proton shift. No reductants, oxidants, bases and external protons were needed. The proposed mechanism was well elucidated by the isolation, characterization and reaction study of two important amido lithium intermediates and the ArHN-substituted guanidine.

背景及亮點介紹:化學鍵的切斷與重組是有機化學和金屬有機化學中一個熱門而有挑戰性的研究領域。肼分子中N–N鍵的斷裂在生物固氮及有機合成中有着重要的意義。現有研究表明,在生物固氮中,固氮酶中心的Mo元素的化合價發生了改變,且外來的質子參與了氨的生成。而在非生命體系的有機反應中,肼中N–N鍵隻有在化學計量的還原劑、氧化劑或堿的存在下斷裂。此外,肼分子中N–N鍵的斷裂還被用于聯苯胺重排或Fisher吲哚合成,而這兩個過程均需外加質子促進。另一方面,胺作為親核試劑,與碳二亞胺可在多種催化劑的作用下生成胍。作為胺的類似物,1,1-二取代的肼也可以發生類似的反應。但最近我們發現,1,2-二芳基取代的肼與碳二亞胺的反應模式卻不是簡單的親核加成反應。在催化劑的存在下,1,2-二芳基肼與碳二亞胺反應時,肼中的N–N鍵發生斷裂,得到了胍與偶氮化合物。此過程中,N–N鍵的斷裂不需任何的氧化劑、還原劑或外來質子。我們通過兩個锂中間體的分離和結構鑒定對其機理進行了詳細的研究。